About
.
Dr Paul Williams
Associate Professor
Chemical Engineering
Telephone number
+44 (0) 1792 295202
Academic Office - C_205
Second Floor
Engineering Central
Bay Campus
Second Floor
Engineering Central
Bay Campus
Research Links
Career Highlights
Teaching Interests
Colloid Science and Dispersion Characterization
Modeling of Membrane Filtration Processes
Novel Separation Techniques
Publications
Research Highlights
-
Milescu, R., McElroy, C., Farmer, T., Williams, P., Walters, M., & Clark, J. (2019). Fabrication of PES/PVP Water Filtration Membranes Using Cyrene®, a Safer Bio-Based Polar Aprotic Solvent. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2019, 1-15.
-
Williams, P., Ahmad, M., Connolly, B., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2015). Technology for freeze concentration in the desalination industry. Desalination, 356, 314-327.
-
Zacharof, M., Mandale, S., Williams, P., & Lovitt, R. (2016). Nanofiltration of treated digested agricultural wastewater for recovery of carboxylic acids. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4749-4761.
-
Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, S., Lee, C., & Williams, P. (2015). Characterisation of Mass Transfer in Frontal Nanofiltration Equipment and Development of a Simple Correlation. Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 4(4), 149SU Repository: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa28881
-
Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, S., Barrow, M., & Williams, P. (2014). Critical appraisal of current nanofiltration modelling strategies for seawater desalination and further insights on dielectric exclusion. Desalination, 343, 154-161.
-
Bowen, W., Williams, P., & Wilson, J. (2003). Quantifying extra interaction forces in charged colloidal dispersions from frontal ultrafiltration experiments. , 67-83.
-
F.M., A., P.M., W., R.W., L., & Williams, P. (2012). Effect of Membrane Surface Charge on Filtration of Heavy Metal Ions in the Presence and Absence of Polyethylenimine. Desalination and Water Treatment, 42(1-3), 131-137.
-
Bowen, W. & Williams, P. (2002). Finite difference solution of the 2-dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equation for spheres in confined geometries. , 103-115.
-
Bowen, W., Welfoot, J., & Williams, P. (2002). Linearized transport model for nanofiltration: Development and assessment. , 760-773.
-
Bowen, W. & Williams, P. (2001). Prediction of the rate of cross-flow ultrafiltration of colloids with concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient and viscosity - theory and experiment. , 3083-3099.
-
Williams, P., Rees, P., & Summers, H. (2010). Analysis of quantum dot fluorescence stability in primary blood mononuclear cells. Cytometry Part A
-
Shirley, J., Mandale, S., & Williams, P. (2011). Amino acid rejection behaviour as a function of concentration. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 164(1-2), 118-125.
-
Llanos, J., Williams, P., Cheng, S., Rogers, D., Wright, C., Pérez, Á., Cañizares, P., Wright, C., & Williams, P. (2010). Characterization of a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane in different operational states after its use in a heavy-metal ion removal process. Water Research, 44(11), 3522-3530.
-
Williams, P. (2009). Application of salinity gradient power for brines disposal and energy utilization. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
-
Williams, P. (2011). Assessment of desalination technologies for high saline brine applications - discussion paper. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
-
Oatley, D., Llenas, L., Pérez, R., Williams, P., Martínez-Lladó, X., Rovira, M., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2012). Review of the dielectric properties of nanofiltration membranes and verification of the single oriented layer approximation. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 173, 1
-
Ramli, N. & Williams, P. (2012). Experimental study of the ultrafiltration for bi-disperse silica systems. Desalination and Water Treatment, 42(1-3), 1-7.
-
Williams, P., Ahmad, M., Connolly, B., & Williams, P. (2013). Freeze desalination: An assessment of an ice maker machine for desalting brines. Desalination, 308, 219-224.
-
Lovitt, R. & Williams, P. (2008). Cleaning results of new and fouled nanofiltration membrane characterized by contact angle, updated DSPM, flux and salts rejection. Applied Surface Science
-
Lovitt, R. & Williams, P. (2011). Polymer enhanced membrane filtration of metals: retention of single and mixed species of metal ions based on adsorption isotherms. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
All Research
Journal Articles
-
Dadras Nia, A., Muñoz, I., Yáñez, E., Lamkaddam, I., Mora, M., Ponsá, S., Ahmed, M., Argelaguet, L., Williams, P., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2021). Sustainable nutrient recovery from animal manure: A review of current best practice technology and the potential for freeze concentration. Journal of Cleaner Production, 315, 128106
-
Ahmed, M., Oatley-Radcliffe, D., & Williams, P. (2021). Treatment of highly saline brines using a static freeze crystallisation process. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 213, 1-25.
-
Ahmed, M., Oatley-Radcliffe, D., & Williams, P. (2020). Reverse osmosis brine concentration using falling film freeze crystallisation technology: a pilot-scale study. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 203, 11-34.
-
Walters, M., AL AANI, S., Esteban, P., Williams, P., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2020). Laser Doppler electrophoresis and electro-osmotic flow mapping for the zeta potential measurement of positively charged membrane surfaces. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 159, 468-476.
-
Vendrell-Puigmitja, L., Abril, M., Proia, L., Angona, C., Ricart, M., Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, P., Zanain, M., & Llenas, L. (2020). Assessing the effects of metal mining effluents on freshwater ecosystems using biofilm as an ecological indicator: Comparison between nanofiltration and nanofiltration with electrocoagulation treatment technologies. Ecological Indicators, 113, 106213
-
Milescu, R., McElroy, C., Farmer, T., Williams, P., Walters, M., & Clark, J. (2019). Fabrication of PES/PVP Water Filtration Membranes Using Cyrene®, a Safer Bio-Based Polar Aprotic Solvent. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2019, 1-15.
-
Samavat, S., Carrique, F., Ruiz-Reina, E., Zhang, W., & Williams, P. (2019). Dynamic viscosity of colloidal silica suspensions at low and high volume fractions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 537, 640-651.
-
Tajarudin, H., Zacharof, M., Ratanapongleka, K., Williams, P., & Lovitt, R. (2018). Intensive Production of Carboxylic Acids Using C. butyricum in a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). Fermentation, 4(4), 81
-
Ahmad, M., Oatley-Radcliffe, D., & Williams, P. (2018). Can a hybrid RO-Freeze process lead to sustainable water supplies?. Desalination, 431, 140-150.
-
Khayrullina, R., Tizaoui, C., Williams, P., & Spacie, C. (2017). Application of Ozone-Assisted Membrane Cleaning for Natural Organic Matter Fouled Membranes. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 1-9.
-
Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Walters, M., Ainscough, T., Williams, P., Mohammad, A., & Hilal, N. (2017). Nanofiltration membranes and processes: A review of research trends over the past decade. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 19, 164-171.
-
Thomas, T., AL AANI, S., Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, P., & Hilal, N. (2017). Laser Doppler Electrophoresis and electro-osmotic flow mapping: A novel methodology for the determination of membrane surface zeta potential. Journal of Membrane Science, 523, 524-532.
-
Zacharof, M., Mandale, S., Williams, P., & Lovitt, R. (2016). Nanofiltration of treated digested agricultural wastewater for recovery of carboxylic acids. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4749-4761.
-
Williams, P., Ahmad, M., Connolly, B., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2015). Technology for freeze concentration in the desalination industry. Desalination, 356, 314-327.
-
Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, S., Lee, C., & Williams, P. (2015). Characterisation of Mass Transfer in Frontal Nanofiltration Equipment and Development of a Simple Correlation. Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 4(4), 149SU Repository: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa28881
-
Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, S., Ainscough, T., Lee, C., Johnson, D., & Williams, P. (2015). Experimental determination of the hydrodynamic forces within nanofiltration membranes and evaluation of the current theoretical descriptions. Separation and Purification Technology, 149, 339-348.
-
Oatley-Radcliffe, D., Williams, S., Barrow, M., & Williams, P. (2014). Critical appraisal of current nanofiltration modelling strategies for seawater desalination and further insights on dielectric exclusion. Desalination, 343, 154-161.
-
Lord, A., Williams, P., & Lord, A. (2014). PROPERTIES OF THE CAKE LAYER IN THE ULTRAFILTRATION OF POLYDISPERSE COLLOIDAL SILICA DISPERSIONS. IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3(11), 233
-
Williams, P., Ahmad, M., Connolly, B., & Williams, P. (2013). Freeze desalination: An assessment of an ice maker machine for desalting brines. Desalination, 308, 219-224.
-
Manshian, B., Jenkins, G., Williams, P., Wright, C., Barron, A., Brown, A., Hondow, N., Dunstan, P., Rickman, R., Brady, K., Doak, S., & Wright, C. (2013). Single-walled carbon nanotubes: differential genotoxic potential associated with physico-chemical properties. Nanotoxicology, 7(2), 144-156.
-
F.M., A., P.M., W., R.W., L., & Williams, P. (2012). Effect of Membrane Surface Charge on Filtration of Heavy Metal Ions in the Presence and Absence of Polyethylenimine. Desalination and Water Treatment, 42(1-3), 131-137.
-
Oatley, D., Llenas, L., Pérez, R., Williams, P., Martínez-Lladó, X., Rovira, M., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2012). Review of the dielectric properties of nanofiltration membranes and verification of the single oriented layer approximation. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 173, 1
-
Ramli, N. & Williams, P. (2012). Experimental study of the ultrafiltration for bi-disperse silica systems. Desalination and Water Treatment, 42(1-3), 1-7.
-
Cheng, S., Oatley, D., Williams, P., Wright, C., Wright, C., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2012). Characterisation and application of a novel positively charged nanofiltration membrane for the treatment of textile industry wastewaters. Water Research, 46(1), 33
-
F.M., A., P.M., W., R.W., L., Lovitt, R., & Williams, P. (2012). Effect of membrane surface charge on filtration of heavy metal ions in the presence and absence of polyethylenimine. Desalination and Water Treatment, 42(1-3), 131-137.
-
Singh, N., Jenkins, G., Nelson, B., Marquis, B., Maffeis, T., Brown, A., Williams, P., Wright, C., Doak, S., & Wright, C. (2012). The role of iron redox state in the genotoxicity of ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 33(1), 163
-
Williams, P. (2011). Assessment of desalination technologies for high saline brine applications - discussion paper. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
-
Lovitt, R. & Williams, P. (2011). Polymer enhanced membrane filtration of metals: retention of single and mixed species of metal ions based on adsorption isotherms. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
-
Wright, C., Williams, P., & Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2011). Positively charged nanofiltration membranes: Review of current fabrication methods and introduction of a novel approach. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
-
Shirley, J., Mandale, S., & Williams, P. (2011). Amino acid rejection behaviour as a function of concentration. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 164(1-2), 118-125.
-
Griffiths, S., Singh, N., Jenkins, G., Wright, C., Jenkins, G., Williams, P., Doak, S., & Orbaek White, A. (2011). Dextran coated ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: compatibility with common fluorometric and colorimetric dyes.. Analytical Chemistry, 83(10), 3778-3785.
-
Williams, P., Rees, P., & Summers, H. (2010). Analysis of quantum dot fluorescence stability in primary blood mononuclear cells. Cytometry Part A
-
Llanos, J., Williams, P., Cheng, S., Rogers, D., Wright, C., Pérez, Á., Cañizares, P., Wright, C., & Williams, P. (2010). Characterization of a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane in different operational states after its use in a heavy-metal ion removal process. Water Research, 44(11), 3522-3530.
-
Williams, P. (2009). Application of salinity gradient power for brines disposal and energy utilization. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
-
Singh, N., Manshian, B., Jenkins, G., Griffiths, S., Williams, P., Maffeis, T., Wright, C., Doak, S., & Wright, C. (2009). NanoGenotoxicology: The DNA damaging potential of engineered nanomaterials. Biomaterials, 30(23-24), 3891-3914.
-
Doak, S., Griffiths, S., Manshian, B., Singh, N., Williams, P., Brown, A., Jenkins, G., Jenkins, G., Williams, P., & Doak, S. (2009). Confounding experimental considerations in nanogenotoxicology. Mutagenesis, 24(4), 285
-
Lovitt, R. & Williams, P. (2008). Cleaning results of new and fouled nanofiltration membrane characterized by contact angle, updated DSPM, flux and salts rejection. Applied Surface Science
-
Bowen, W., Williams, P., & Wilson, J. (2003). Quantifying extra interaction forces in charged colloidal dispersions from frontal ultrafiltration experiments. , 67-83.
-
Bowen, W. & Williams, P. (2002). Finite difference solution of the 2-dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equation for spheres in confined geometries. , 103-115.
-
Bowen, W., Welfoot, J., & Williams, P. (2002). Linearized transport model for nanofiltration: Development and assessment. , 760-773.
-
Bowen, W. & Williams, P. (2001). Prediction of the rate of cross-flow ultrafiltration of colloids with concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient and viscosity - theory and experiment. , 3083-3099.
Supervision
-
Carbon sequestration and sustainable product manufacture by algae using a novel photo-bioreactor (current)
PhDOther supervisor: Prof Darren Oatley-Radcliffe -
The effect of water in diesel nanoemulsion produced onboard on light and heavy-duty diesel vehicles. (current)
PhDOther supervisor: Dr Michael Clee -
Treatment of Emerging Contaminants in Waste Water by Advanced Oxidation Processes (awarded 2024)
MScOther supervisor: Prof Chedly Tizaoui
Taught Modules
-
EG-220 Process and Pilot Plant Operations A
As a chemical engineer an understanding of how to design and operate processes is vitally important. In one part of this module, students will design a rig based on a given brief. Once designed, the rig will be built and run by the students, and experimental results from tests on the rig will be obtained. In the another section of the module students will be required to research into and report on a given industrial process. In the final section of the module students will go on a site visit to a process plant in the South Wales area. This will be followed by an oral presentation on that visit. The module will involve a range of activities to enhance team work, report writing, time management and presentation skills as well as to further the understanding of subjects covered in taught modules.
-
EG-230 Process and Pilot Plant Operations B
This module supports and amplifies lectures by providing practical experience of process equipment, its operation and performance. The Unit Operations Laboratory (UOL) experiments are carried out in pairs. Overall, each pair of students will conduct 4 different experiments on 4 different pieces of pilot plant apparatus and will be required to produce 4 experimental reports. In each session, each pair of students will conduct various experiments on a piece of pilot plant equipment to obtain experimental data which they will need to analyse and write-up within a lab report. Online videos of will be provided giving guidance on writing reports, handling error and risk assessment.
-
EGC401 Industrial Engineering and Research Practice
This module aims to give students practical experience in either the industrial setting or the research environment.. Either two day placements in industry or two day research placements within the School are conducted. The industrial placements are determined by interview with the companies involved or departmental staff. A range of research projects will be offered by the staff.
-
EGCM89 Chemical and Environmental Engineering MEng Design Project
This module aims to advance and broaden the design practices learnt at Level 3. This project will necessitate the students to adapt the design methodologies learnt previously to an unfamiliar molecule in order to generate a novel manufacturing process. The project itself requires the students to develop an innovative design for a plant to make a molecule for which no large scale production facility exists. The molecules to be produced need to be selected on the following characteristics: they should not be manufactured on a large capacity production facility (there may however be small scale production) and an outline of a manufacturing process including basic chemistry exists somewhere. The project will require the students to make choices and judgments on: the production capacity, time of operation, raw materials to use, production process, and benefit of the molecule to the company (ie economic, extending the knowledge base etc). Design is a team exercise throughout and working well as a team is critical to successfully completing this project.
-
PMPM04 Medical Imaging
The physics and mathematics underpinning modern 3D medical imaging, including MRI, CT, PET and Ultrasound.